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Authors
Abstract
Introduction/Objectives: Outbreaks of hand, foot and mouth disease are usually caused by coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) or enterovirus 71(EV71). Since 2008, a new genetic variant of CVA6 has associated with sporadic HFMD cases and outbreak events in Europe, South-east Asia, and EUA. In Cuba, the virus associated with HFMD has been CAV16 predominately. The aim of this work was to identify the etiological agent of HFMD cases reported in different Cuban provinces from 2011 to 2013.
Materials and Methods: To determine the causative agents of HFMD cases occurred in Cuba, forty-two samples (18 feces, 5 vesicle fluids and 17 nasopharyngeal swabs, 2 rectal swabs) were collected from 23 suspected cases. All samples were screened for enterovirus (HEV) by specific reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and virus isolation. The identification for HEV-positive samples was performed by sequencing based on partial VP1 gene.
Results: A total of 11 isolates were obtained. Nine isolates were amplified and identified as CVA6 and two strains as EV71. Two genetic groups were detected among the Cuban CVA6 strains. Cuban 2011 CVA6 isolates were related to CVA6 strains detected in Europe and Asia between zz2007 and 2011. In contrast, other genetically distinct CV-A6 strains predominated in HFMD cases from 2012-2013 that was closely related to the CVA6 strain identified in recent international outbreaks. Phylogenetic analysis of Cuban EV71 strains showed that they belonged to genotype C2 and were closely related to viruses of various geographical origins.
Conclusions: This constitutes the first EV71 identification in Cuba. The emergence of CA6 and Ev71 as significant human pathogens in Cuba is of global interest because of the understanding it may provide for the increase in emerging and re-emerging viral diseases worldwide.
References
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